2024 General Election Turnout

These estimates are of 4pm on Wednesday, Feb. 5, 2025 and will be revised as more data become available. Most states report final certified statistics for total ballots counted, which is the preferred turnout metric. A few states currently report votes for president as their turnout metric. They may report total ballots counted to the federal government’s Election Assistance Commissions, which may report these statistics sometime in mid-to-late 2025. These statistics may be updated accordingly when such data become available. For now, an estimate is reported. The data file in the Election Lab data archive includes links to all states election results reporting sites where turnout numbers are derived.

Presented here are turnout rates for those eligible to vote, sometimes referred to as the voting-eligible population or VEP.

The numerator for these VEP turnout rates is the total number of ballots counted (not votes for president), as reported by election officials. Until election officials certify their election results these numbers are estimated. Total ballots counted are estimated for a few states that do not report this statistic.

The denominator for these VEP turnout rates is constructed by estimating the voting-age population or VAP (everyone age 18 and older residing in the United States). Ineligible populations are subtracted from the VAP consisting of non-citizens and felons (depending on state disenfranchisement laws). Eligible overseas voters are added to the national VEP estimates only as no reliable method exists to apportion these eligible voters to states.

Data used to construct the voting-eligible turnout rates are provided below. For more information on the sources (including links to all states’ election results and outstanding ballot reports) and methods used to construct these VEP turnout rates, please see the documentation available on the Election Lab data archive.